Being Gay and Elderly in Toronto Free Essays

Troy summary

Needs just to be placed into history books and known forever for his enormity. - solid, family man, and a darling (which winds up being the passing of hector and in the end the demise of him) Ajax Strong beast, faithful and deferential. Adores his kin. Heart off lion (one scene hauls blade out of leg and so on and so forth ) doesn't pass on without an immense battle. Sovereign Hector more seasoned sibling type, ensuring, yet insightful. Solid and valiant. Intrepid. Effective, wishes toting yet harmony and joy Prince Paris †more youthful sibling, uninformed and pompous. Blinded by adoration, Helen †a delightful lady, that lone needs to be acknowledged for HER, not her looks. A darling. Likewise uninformed. Agamemnon †Jerk, thinks about himself, blinded by power. Obstinate (making him feeble) bold, however not positively, devilish, aloof Odysseus man, old buddy, and better pragmatist, a daring man. Wounds Godly,the young lady who catch Achilles Heart significant: Achille s kicked the bucket in deed by Paris yet along time back before we, Greeks entered Troy.It was appalling and offending to the epic story to see Achilles passes on inside the consuming Troy with a few bolts on his chest and paunch as Achilles was resistant on the grounds that his dad Pleas purified through water him in a favored water when he was a newborn child yet as he was holding him topsy turvy he didn't sink his feet holding him from his lower legs. That is the reason his solitary powerless spot was his heels. That implies that just a single bolt was sufficient to slaughter him at his heel. In these story delineate that even the extraordinary warrior shows at least a bit of kindness. At the point when Achilles met Bruises his heart out of nowhere change. Len these story represent the Love of the Man to the Woman. Like Prince Paris he follow his Heart however he become narrow minded. Ruler Hector code is basic Honor youGods Love your Women Defend the Country. Like Samson in the Bible ladies is their ruin. Achilles is an extraordinary warrior when his cousin (Patrols) murdered by Prince Hector . Len this story represent a Father love by Prima to his child Prince Hector a sibling love diverse method of living some live for nation some live for Love some live for Gods it's the individuals decision where they need to live. For me Achilles is incredible warrior despite the fact that in the closure he kick the bucket. By the manner in which he regard and worth Prima the dad of Prince Hector. Particularly when I see the tears tumble down.

The Advantages of Overcoming Obstacles

The Advantages of Overcoming ObstaclesMany students are likely to ask what the advantages of overcoming obstacles are. They often tend to avoid the subject because they think that it is easier to sit through a long presentation without learning something new and interesting. Here are some examples of subjects in which overcoming obstacles can be very helpful in such a way that a student will get something out of it.A professional opportunity like being a doctor or a teacher will allow a student to see things from another perspective. It gives them the chance to see something from another person's point of view, something that is very useful in learning a new skill. They might also learn about new aspects of their profession that will prove to be helpful later on.There are many subjects that deal with mental health. Here, overcoming obstacles is something that a student will gain an insight into the difficulty that one has in coping with their emotions. Of course, they will also learn how to deal with such difficulties in a different way. This will help them learn how to deal with their emotions in a positive manner and thus enabling them to become a better person.Overcoming obstacles is also helpful when it comes to learning about trying to become successful. For example, in most careers there will be some sort of obstacles to contend with, which make it difficult for those who do not have a background in certain tasks. In such a case, overcoming obstacles is often an important aspect that helps them learn what to expect from their career in general.Overcoming obstacles is also useful when it comes to finding information on other cultures that they have not learned about in school. This is important because people often take more time to learn about foreign languages when it comes to trying to find new opportunities in the workplace. This is something that is also found in quite a few careers, but it will give them an advantage when it comes to preparing themse lves for whatever work they encounter in their careers.Overcoming obstacles is also useful when it comes to giving voice to feelings and emotions that are often suppressed in a person. Most students will at some point find it hard to speak up when they feel something, and this is something that is very helpful in making them better individuals. The same is true for career opportunities as well.A final example of how overcoming obstacles can be beneficial is something that involves emotions and urges that are too strong to be controlled. When we are angry, for example, we can sometimes have the need to control that feeling by acting on it, rather than letting it run its course. It is in such cases that overcoming obstacles will be helpful because it allows us to better control our feelings so that we can allow them to express themselves.To conclude, there are many advantages of overcoming obstacles. It is therefore wise to prepare for such situations so that they do not happen to you .

The Soviet Union s Breakdown And The Cold s War

The Soviet Union’s breakdown and the Cold s War had a noteworthy effect on relations between Western entrepreneur states and the Third s conditions World. Where examination of Western relations with Rwanda is concerned, the Cold s death War had an earth shattering effect. This modest state was a center of critical Western enthusiasm in spite of the way that it was arranged in the focal point of the world s slightest created landmass and was of no financial or vital centrality. Seen to be on the Right half of the Cold War ideological separation, autonomous Rwanda had delighted in unbalanced levels of help. The deception of the sad occasions in Rwanda 1994 as the result of a genocide arranged by the Akazu fanatics should be exposed in light of the fact that it keeps the genuine elements behind the unfortunate occasions being referred to being legitimately caught on. It likewise totally clouds the obligation of US-drove mediation for making the conditions that made mass butcher essentially unavoidable. US and west took this as enough reason to intervene in Rwanda. Essentialism or substantive hypothesis characteristics an independent social power to innovation that overrides all customary or contending qualities while constructivism or instrumental hypothesis regards innovation as subservient to values built up in other social circles (e.g., legislative issues and culture). Essentialism is scrutinized for being deterministic and grasps constructivism on the groundsShow MoreRelatedCanada And The Cold War1514 Words   |  7 Pages Canada and the Cold War The Cold War is a time of managed political and military coercion and turmoil between the superpowers. It was a war that actually wasn t your common war. There were numerous military aircraft flying over the nations dropping bombs, no tanks no ground troops, no really organization of rockets, and no ground troops. Then again, there were a stockpile of atomic weapons, cash was being spent like a really war was being battled, purposeful publicity, there were two superpowerRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1462 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the term â€Å"Cold War† was popularised to refer to post-war tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, interpreting the course and origins of the conflict became a source of heated controversy among historians. In particular, who was responsible for the breakdown of Soviet-U.S. relations after the Second World War? During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were allied against the Axis powers. However, in the years that followed the end of World War II, the allianceRead MoreWhat Were The Key Of The Cold War? Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors that lead to the Cold War? From any historical event, there is always different presentations of the same facts. In every subject, an author’s opinion or point of view can completely change the story. In this paper I will be focus on highlighting the most significant factors various authors have proposed led to the Cold War. There are three viewpoints on what on what were the significant factors that led to the Cold War. There is the Orthodox viewpoint, which blames Soviet expansion, the RevisionistRead MoreTo What Extent was the Cold war Caused by Ideological Differences?1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, a period of sustained political and military tension between the USA and the USSR, resulted in various viewpoints concerning the cause of the tension emerging. Until today the question remains unresolved, even after the 1991 release of Soviet archives. The main point of disagreement relates to the roles that ideology played in the events between 1945 and 1949. Was it the strongly opposing ideolo gies, capitalism and communism, or power and material interest that drove both superpowersRead MoreToward a New World Order1155 Words   |  5 PagesToward A New World Order In 1988 the world begun to see the start of the most drastic change in geo-politics since the end of the Second World War. New policies set in place by Premier Gorbachev had intended to jump start the failing Soviet economy, instead they solidified the dissolution of the Soviet Union. By 1986, Perestroika and Glasnost had led to the liberalization of the USSR economies and politics as never before seen in history. In 1988, the Communist party lost elections and governmentalRead MoreFidel Castro Is The Man Associated With The Failure And1037 Words   |  5 Pagesof humanity s darkest moments, the Cuban missile crisis, which was a defining moment in Castro’s political life. As the leader of Cuba during the Cold War and Cuban missile crisis, he was responsible for defending Cuba sovereignty and interests amongst the superpower - the United States and Soviet Union. Memoirs would argue that former US President Kennedy believed Castro was a very important player in the Cold War while others believed he was Khrushchev’s pawn helping the Soviet Union carry out aRead MoreEssay Some Effects of The Cold War1293 Words   |  6 Pageswhen the Soviet Union reigned in Europe along with the US, they were still in relative peace with the other world power. In fact, the â€Å"Big Three,† American President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Soviet Premier Josef Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had frequent meetings to discuss strategy and happenings in Europe at the time. Allies they had been, but then something changed though, and growing tensions forced the powers to drift apart. Eventually, it led to the US and the Soviet UnionRead MoreBritain And Americ Common Foes Of The Soviet Union Essay2050 Words   |  9 Pagesof the Soviet Union. So it is truth be told simple to reply: Why did the USA-USSR organization together start to separate in 1945? As soon as the regular dangers of Hitler and Japan were uprooted, it was inescapable that the pa rtners would drop out. Amid the war, there had been growing strains for quite a while, Stalin declined to join the United Nations; Stalin was irate that Britain and America continued deferring D-Day, trusting it was a plot to permit Germany to debilitate the Soviet Union;Read MoreEdward Franklin Albee IIi : The American Dream, And The Goat, Or Who Is Sylvia?1313 Words   |  6 PagesFranklin Albee III is an American playwright mostly known for his works such as Who s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, The Zoo Story, The American Dream, and The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? Albee is perceived to be a leader in the creation of the American absurdist drama theatrical movement. Specifically, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Opened on Broadway the same month the world was facing heated nuclear tensions between Soviet and U.S. powers during the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 13, 1962. After six hundredRead MoreThe Soviets Fault For Causing The Cold War Essay2259 Words   |  10 Pagesapproach of whether it’s the U.S or the Soviets’ fault for causing the Cold War. In reality, they have always had clashing ideologies and different structures of government that have played a major role in leading them to embark upon such a distrustful relationship. Furthermore, the Soviets distrusted the U.S way before WWII when they intervened in the Russian Civil War and didn’t recognize the Soviet Union until 1933. As a result, during and after WWII, the Soviets were determined to dominate European

Helen Keller Essay - 1053 Words

Helen Keller is has changed the hearing, the deaf, and the blind culture. She inspired so many people to push beyond their limits and showed that, even the girl everyone called ‘dumb’ can be more than that. Keller was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama in a small town on the Ivy Green Estate. On July 27th 1880, she was a perfectly normal baby, she could hear, and see. Until she was 19 months old she became very sick with a terrible she lost her hearing and her sight. She was called a ‘wild child’ because she couldn’t understand others losing her sight and hearing was unexpected for her and so she didn’t know how to communicate with others. On March 3rd 1887 Keller’s life changed for the better, her mother Kate, heard about the Perkins school for†¦show more content†¦But that wasn’t enough for Keller. She wanted to write. She wanted to learn to write not only in Braille but normally as well, she would take a ruler to the page and write letters using the ruler to guide her, the letters looked block-like but they were obviously progress. In 1888 Keller left home for the first time, with Anne of course. They went to the Perkins school for the Blind, as a guest of the director. Things went downhill and she had fight to keep her dignity, when she was accused of plagiarism for her story â€Å"The Frost King† which she had written as a birthday present for the director Michael Anagnos. It was very similar to a story she had read a long time ago and remembered parts of it without realizing it, people began to look down on her once again saying Keller’s writing was to good for someone who cou ldn’t see or hear nature with her own eyes and ears. Most of Keller’s childhood was spent outside, she was taught by Anne many things outside the classroom. She taught her to touch, smell and experience nature. She waited for Keller to ask questions she wanted Keller curious, and she was curious about everything. When Keller turned 13 years old, Anne and she moved to New York City. She went to attend the Wright-Humason school for the Deaf; she was the only blind and deaf student in attendance. Keller soon became able to communicate with adults and other children and she took in every bit of information she was given.Show MoreRelatedHelen Keller2150 Words   |  9 PagesHelen Keller Her life and legacy While they were saying among themselves it cannot be done, it was done. -Helen Keller Hailan El-Naas Grade 9A April 28, 2013 Table of Contents 1. Outline 1 2. Introduction Read MoreHelen Keller Essay850 Words   |  4 Pagesfulfill her needs. This was exactly the way Helen Keller lived part of her childhood. If we think about Erik W. and Uncle Jim, they were only blind, whereas Helen Keller was deaf and blind. Living with two disabilities, going against society and reaching up to great heights, I believe Helen Keller faced the greatest obstacles. Helen Keller had come across tremendous difficulties, but the aspect that made her stand out was that she was blind and deaf. Keller developed the disabilities due to an unknownRead More Helen Keller Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesHelen Keller Imagine a life without being able to see or hear and not knowing how to communicate with anyone around you. That world of darkness is what Helen Keller lived in for six years. Helen Keller has been an inspiration to people ever since she turned six. From 1886-1960, she proved herself to be a creative and inspiring woman of America. She was a writer and lecturer who fought for the rights of disadvantaged people all over the world. Most importantly, she overcame her two mostRead More Helen Keller Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesHelen Keller Helen Keller was an American author who lived to educate and inspire others to become the most unique author of her time. She was a gifted woman who had exceptional writing abilities. She utilized simplistic style to correspond with all varieties of people. She wrote to inspire people and to help disabled people achieve their goals. Her writing style was full of many types of diction, syntactic devices, and patterns of imagery to exemplify her life chronicle. Keller used anRead MoreBiography of Helen Keller501 Words   |  2 Pagesdeaf and blindness? Helen Keller was one of the few people back in her time to become really famous over something she couldnt help. Helen was famous because of how she was able to make things better for children and adults with disabilities, and while she did this she had no forms of communication. Helen actually wasnt deaf and blind; she was born perfectly normal in a small town in Alabama called Tuscumbia on June 27, 1880. Due to a sickness believed to be Scarlet Fever; Keller lost her abilityRead MoreEssay On Helen Keller1214 Words   |  5 PagesHelen Keller House and Museum at Ivy Green When I heard about this assignment I didn’t really know what I wanted to do. I heard about a special lady who was born in Tuscumbia Alabama. The special lady I was referring too was Helen Keller, I didn’t really know much about her except for the fact that she was blind and deaf. I have also heard about the play and the movie â€Å"Miracle Worker† that was based off of her life. Little did I know I was in for a treat, learning about this magnificent woman’sRead MoreHelen Keller And The Naacp1701 Words   |  7 PagesRebecca Reed Honors American Studies I Mr. Cahalan 27 April 2015 Helen Keller and the NAACP A large issue in our country for the first two centuries, some would argue longer, of our time as our own, independent, country has been the issue of equality among races. This was an issue that was on the mind of many of the people who were very instrumental in our country including men like Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr., among others. The issue of equality among races caused lots of controversyRead MoreA Word For Everything By Helen Keller872 Words   |  4 PagesKeller and Baca, The Knowledge of Writing In Helen Keller’s short story â€Å"A Word for Everything† a blind and deaf child who faced many challenges, in which she was despaired to understand the meaning of the words. The persuasion and motivation are the two key components that helped Helen to overcome her obstacles, and allowed her to acquire the idiom for writing. In Santiago Baca â€Å"Coming into Languages† a teenager who was incarcerated, always so eager to learn the power of writing. When writing,Read MoreHelen Keller: A True Hero Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pagesovercoming said Helen Keller, a woman who faced many obstacles in her life (Fun). Most people dont dedicate their lives to help others, especially if they have disabilities themselves, but Helen Keller is a different story. At 19 months old, Helen Keller was diagnosed with a disease that led her to be deaf and blind. A true hero is someone who is dedicated to help others in need no matter the circumstances/struggle he or she faces, never gives up, and is an inspiration for others. Helen Keller is a heroRead MoreHelen Keller Play: Script1444 Words   |  6 PagesMRS. KELLER - ___________________________ MR. KELLER - _________________________ DOCTOR - ___________________________ DIRECTOR ANAGNOS - ___________________________ ANNE SULLIVAN - ___________________________ HELEN KELLER - ________________________ SCRIPT: On June 27, 1880, a girl named   Helen Adams Keller, a very well-knowned writer, was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama,  Ã‚   in a white, frame cottage called â€Å"Ivy Green.† Her parents were captain Arthur Henley Keller and Kate Adams Keller. (Helen is two

Strategic Management of ABC Supermarkets-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Create a hypothetical organization offering product /service of your choice. Identify a real potential competitor in the market. Answer: Name of the organization and the services it offers The name of the organization is Abc supermarkets. The company is engaged in supermarket business. It has various supermarkets in various cities of Saudi Arabia. It sells various products like fresh vegetables, frozen foods, spices, wheat, rice, processed foods and other food items. The company was established in 2012 and has expanded to 4-5 cities in the country. The competitors of Abc company in Saudi Arabia are Hyper Panda and Savola group. The mission The mission of Abc supermarkets is to bring in the best food items to people, which are healthy and safe. The vision To provide customer satisfaction and become the best supermarket company in Saudi Arabia. Evaluation of the business environment Evaluation of the business environment in the country in which the business operates in is extremely important. The business environment consists of various factors that influence the business. These factors may influence the business in a positive or in a negative manner. The business environment may be analyzed (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012) in various methods. One of the most popular methods of evaluating the business environment is SWOT Analysis. SWOT analysis can be described as a method in which the external business environment as well as the internal business environment is analysed. SWOT stands for strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats. The Strengths and the weakness cater to the internal environment analysis whereas the Opportunity and threats cater to the external environment factors. The strengths and weakness are in the hands of the company whereas the opportunity and threats are not within the domain of the company and therefore the company must prepare before hand to face these problems (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). The SWOT Analysis of Abc Company has been given below: Strengths: Strength can be defined as the capability of the business that helps it in gaining a competitive advantage in a business environment. The strength of Abc company is given as below: Providing high quality product It engages in high quality maintenance In a short span of time it has made its market presence in 5 -6 cities Availability of capital Weakness The market does not provide any products from South Asian brands, which are extremely famous among the people in Saudi Arabia (Barney 2014). Its brand name is not as strong as compared to its competitors Hyper Panda and Savola group Relatively new in the market Opportunities There exists a large untapped market in the United Arab Emirates where the company can expand. It can take advantage of the south east Asian markets like India and import products from there This will help in increasing the popularity as well as sales. Threats The competitors like Hyper Panda and Savola groups are big threats to the company. As stores that are more competitive are opening up o the market, the market share of the existing stores is decreasing. Analysis of the SWOT From the SWOT analysis, it could be observed that the company is a relatively new company. The main problem areas lie in the fact that there are more markets with a business model similar to this one The company can change its mission and state that it wants to provide safe and quality products to the consumers, which are of their choice (Ball et al. 2012). Strategy Therefore, the best strategy for Abc supermarkets will be to engage in promotional activities that will help in increasing the market base for the consumers (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). Another step would be to import goods from South Asia. No other super market present in Saudi Arabia has been able to import the products and therefore if Abc company will be able to do so it can gain more from the sales and become a leader faster than its competitors become. This strategy can be achieved by Conducting a promotional program, which will help to create more awareness about the supermarket? The company has to integrate its promotional activities with the organizational goals and objectives and develop a promotional program that can take place in various parts of the country (Eden and Ackermann 2013). This promotional program can offer free coupons to people, which may be discount coupons or gift coupons. This will help the company to attract more customers who will be induced to visit the stores. Feedback system The footfall before the distribution and the footfall after the distributing system need to be measured. If the footfall ahs increased, it means that the company has been successful in its promotional activities. If the footfall has not increased then that means that they need to try some other measures of promotion. While distributing coupons, the Abc executives can ask the company regarding their views of the supermarket and how often have they visited it. This shall provide them with a fair idea about the popularity of the company. References Ball, D., Geringer, M., Minor, M. and McNett, J., 2012.International business. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Barney, J.B., 2014.Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Pearson Higher Ed. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

Report Essays - Chemistry, Catalysis, Peroxides, Hydrogen Peroxide

Enzymes: Catalase in the Liver and How it Reacts When Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide Rainy M. Williams Jmeah Clark Saint Augustine's University Key Words Substrates Products Enzymes Catalase Hydrogen Peroxide Denaturalization Optimum Range Abstract All organisms rely on enzymes to catalyze a chemical reaction. An enzyme is a biological catalyst that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the level of activation energy that is necessary for the reaction to begin. Without enzymes, all chemical reactions necessary for life would proceed very slowly and would require more energy. If a substance (hydrogen peroxide) is added to an enzyme (catalase found in the liver), the reaction will speed up by bringing the reactants ( in this case, the substrates) within close proximity and facilitating their interaction when undergoing the reaction. The liver contains a specific enzyme called catalase.When hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is added to the liver, the reaction is catalyzed due to the catalase, causing a chemical reaction to occur (essentially detoxifying the cells containing hydrogen peroxide), creating the products of water and oxygen. Introduction A substance that speeds up a reaction - without being a reactant - is called a catalyst. Catalysts used for biochemical reactions are known as enzymes, which are generally proteins. When enzymes are present in a reaction, the enzyme lowers the level of activation energy which is necessary for the reaction to begin. Enzymes work by binding reactant molecules and holding them in such a way that chemical bond-breaking and bond-forming can occur more readily. In order to catalyze a reaction, the enzyme will "grab" one or more reactant molecules to undergo the reaction. These reactants are called substrates, as they need the facilitation of an enzyme to complete the reaction. The part of the enzyme in which the substrates bind to the enzyme is the active site. The active site is the area in which the catabolic action occurs.The set of amino acids found in the active site as well as the 3D space give the enzyme its specific shape, size, and chemical behavior. An enzyme's active site is uniquely suited to bind to only one substrate in order to undergo the reaction ( Khanacademy.com). Once the enzyme and substrate combine, the enzyme quickly breaks down the substrate. The enzyme, however, is not consumed during this reaction, meaning the enzymes are reuseable. The substrate in this lab is hydrogen peroxide, a toxin found in the cells of all living organisms. Catalase, the enzyme for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), accelerates the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into the products of oxygen and water. The chemical equation for this reaction is: 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 The main objective of this lab was to determine how a piece of liver - which contains the enzyme catalase - would react when exposed to hydrogen peroxide (the substrate) in different food items and temperatures. If hydrogen peroxide is added to different food items such as an apple or potato, only a moderate reaction rate will occur compared to the rate of the raw liver. The food item is the independent variable of this lab, thus meaning the food item being tested -raw liver, apple, or potato - will be able to manipulate the outcome of the dependent variable which is the reaction rate. Part two of this lab was to determine the rate of reaction when the catalase was exposed to the hydrogen peroxide in differing temperatures of H2O2 (ice water (0c), room temperature (21c), warm water (37c), and boiled liver). If the liver was placed in each of these temperatures, the liver would have a greater rate of reaction when exposed to 37c hydrogen peroxide, as this is the body's natural tempera ture. By examining the chemical reactions produced when the liver was exposed to the hydrogen peroxide, an accurate analysis of the presence of enzymes as well as their reaction rates in each sample may be gained. Methods Part one of this lab was conducted in order to see if the potato or apple had catalase in them. Before the lab was conducted, materials needed to be gathered. We needed 3 test tubes,a test tube rack, a clean stirring rod, 50 mL of hydrogen peroxide in a small clean beaker, forceps, a piece of liver, a slice

5 Tips for Teachers to Help Disorganized Students

5 Tips for Teachers to Help Disorganized Students A students poor organizational skills can easily be improved by providing a routine and by clearly stating directions and expectations. Disorganized students often forget homework, have messy desks, cannot keep track of their materials and have poor time management skills. Teachers can help these students by providing a structured routine along with strategies to keep them organized. Use the following tips to help your disorganized student manage their responsibilities. 1. Set up a Routine By providing structure in the classroom the disorganized student will have no choice but to stay organized. Establishing a classroom schedule will allow students to be less frustrated and confused, and will provide them with a sense of where they are going and what materials they will need. To lessen their confusion, place a schedule in their folder or tape one to their desk. This way, the student can use it as a reference throughout the day. 2. Use a Checklist A checklist is a great tool for a disorganized student because it shows them the expectations that they need to accomplish for the day in a visual format. For younger students, have the list already prepared for them and go over it with the student each morning. For older students, provide strategies for prioritizing their own checklists.   3. Monitor Homework Encourage parenteral support by writing a letter to parents describing your homework policy. Require that each night after the homework is completed, it is signed by a parent and returned to school the following day. This process will ensure the student stays on task and encourages parents to be involved. 4. Organize Classroom Desks A disorganized student will not take the time to clean out their desk. Each week set aside time in your class schedule so students can complete this task. Brainstorm organizational ideas with the students on specific ways they can keep their desks tidy. Make the list visible in the classroom so each week they can have access to it. Suggest that they label materials for easy access and throw away items they no longer use. 5. Use Memory Aids Memory aids are a helpful way to remember tasks and materials. Have the student use tangible items such as  sticky notes, rubber bands, index cards, alarm clocks, and timers to remind them to complete their tasks for the day. Encourage them to use memory aids like this acronym: CATS. (CCarry, AAssignment, TTo, SSchool) Teaching these new strategies will help students complete their tasks efficiently and effectively. These tips give students the tools they need to manage their obligations and to be successful in school. With a little help and ​encouragement, disorganized children can easily get on a new path.   Additional Tips to Keep Students Organized Use the buddy system and assign a classmate to assist the student with their organizational skills.Use different color paper for different subjects so it is easier to locate papers.Require papers be put into binders.Have the student put important materials in their take-home folder or backpack as soon as they receive them.Use different color folders for different subjects so the students can locate them easily.Provide containers for small items so they will not be lost.Provide a monthly calendar and label when assignments are due.Have the student show you their completed checklist each day before they go home.

Defining a Good SAT Score

Defining a Good SAT Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips While the definition of a â€Å"Good SAT Score† is can seem subjective, in fact, there are valid and objective ways to quantify it. In this article, I’ll go through four different methods you can use to decide what a good SAT score means for you. Having the wrong definition can be catastrophic to your college future, and having the right definition can be a strong motivator to achieve your SAT goals. What’s a Good Score Compared to the US Population? First, to understand what a good SAT score is, you must have a rough feeling for what the SAT scores of the US population of high school students look like overall. If you're not applying to the same colleges as the "average American," you might lack this broader perspective. The SAT in January 2016 and before is scored on a 2400 scale. The top score is 2400, and the bottom score is 600. The new SAT, which starts in March, will be scored on a 1600 point scale, so the maximum and minimum scores will change to 1600 and 400. The SAT gives students percentile rankings that show them how high their score is relative to other students across the country who took the test. I'll give you the scores defined by these percentiles for the current SAT and provide predicted scores for the new SAT. According to the most recent data: Ten percent of students score below an 00, so below an 00 is verylow score nationally. This should translate to around a 730 on the new SAT. The 25th percentile is around a 1300, so a score below 1300 isslightly low. This should translate to around an 870 on the new SAT. The 50th percentile mark is around a 1500; anything within 50-100 points of 1500 is an average score. This should translate to around a 1000 on the new SAT. The 75th percentile score is around a 1700, so anything above this isa great score. This should translate to around an 30 on the new SAT. The 90th percentile cutoff is around a 1900.Above this, you're in reach of the elite range of scores.This score should translate to around a 1270 on the new SAT. Read this article for more information on national score percentiles. Keep in mind that the predictions for the new SAT are very tentative since we only have data from the old version of the test. The scores that correspond to each percentile may change depending on how well students adapt to the new test. What’s a Good Score Compared to Your Peers? Unless you are exactly the average American, comparing yourself against the US national average may not be appropriate. You should care about what a good SAT score is for *you* personally, and a reasonable proxy is your peer group. After all, your peer group may have grown up in the same environment and have similar expectations for SAT scores. If you're a football star at an athletics-heavy high school, your varsity football team is a better comparison pool than a class of math geniusesin a selective private high school (and vice versa). In this case, the best method for determining where you stand is to ask at least four people in your peer group what their SAT scores are. This way you can get a sense of how you're doing. If you're way below all four, then you're doing poorly. If you're scoring better than two, then you're doing well. And if you're doing better than all four, you're doing spectacularly. The gold standard for comparison is the SAT score range of people in your peer group. Fortunately, you don't have to doallthe hard work! We did some heavily lifting for you and compiled data from two peer groups of competitive students. Honors students in the top third of their class: If you're in the top third of your class, to be in the 75th percentile on the SAT, you'll need to score 1928 or better. Thus, honor students should considerabout 1900 or more(around 1250-1300 on the new SAT)to be a good SAT score. Students in the top 10% of their class, or students in top 10% school districts. For this group, the 75th percentile score is as high as 2100. A stellar student should shoot for 2100 (around 1400 on the new SAT) as an SAT score goal. Students in National Honors Society may have a higher SAT target score. What Is aGood SAT Score for College? Even better than comparing against your peers is comparing against the scores of admitted students at a college that interests you. After all, most people take the SAT for college. It makes the most sense to start with figuring out what a good college is for you and then work backward to determine a target SAT score. The best way to figure outwhat score you should shootforis to look up the average test scores at the college of your choice and see where you fall.Most schools will give a range from the 25th percentile score to the 75th percentile score.If you’re hoping for a solid chance of admission, you should be aiming for the 75th percentile score at colleges that interest you.Consult this article on finding your target score for more details on how to find and interpret these numbers. If you look up the average scores at a college of your choice and find that your scores are much higher, you might consider aiming for a more competitive school.Doing socould give you a much more fulfilling learning experience. Selectivecolleges will have a driven student community and offer intellectually challenging classes.You’re likely to learn more at these schools, have access to greater opportunities, and be looked upon favorably in the future when you’re trying to find a job or apply to grad school. If you’re aiming for Ivy League or other highly competitive schools like Stanford and MIT, you’ll find that the 75th percentile score is sometimes close or equivalent to a perfect 2400.Obviously, you’re not going to be able to score any higher than this.In general, for these schools, you’ll need to have a 2200 or higher to end up with a reasonable chance of admission (most likely in the 1450-1500 range on the new SAT).College admissions have become extremely competitive lately, so these schools have had to adopt higher and higher standards to weed out students from the vast numbers of applications they receive. You may also choose to attend one of the Poison Ivy League schools I'm planning on founding. Coursework consists solely of going on hikes and learning how to recognize and treat poison ivy while playing poison ivy-related pranks on real Ivy League schools. What’s a Good Score for You? One of the best definitions of a good SAT score is based on your own potential. After all, if the best you can do is a 1300, and you get a 1280, then that's an excellent score. Conversely, if your potential is a 2300, then even a 2000 is a bad score for you personally. In considering what a â€Å"good score† means, it’s important to take stock of your starting point and limitations.In other words, you should be competing with yourself first and foremost to try and improve from your baseline score.Try studying for ten hours or so, and take a practice test.Treat this score as your baseline score. Students usually can improve on this score by 250 points or more with dedicated studying (this should translate to around a 170-point improvement on the new SAT). Many students find that they hit the upper limit of SAT studying toleration after 40-80 hours of studying.If you manage to do this amount of focused studying, the score you end up with should be a good one based on your own standards.If you ended up with a low score on the baseline test and didn’t improve much after a lot of studying, you might need to reassess your study habits and make sure that you really understand your mistakes.For a student who scores low initially, any score that indicates an improvement of more than 200 points (or more than 130 points on the new SAT) should be considered a good score. You after a long shift in the SAT factory. What's Next? Aiming high for college? Read our articles on how to get a 2400 on the SAT and what it takes to get into the most selective schools. If you're working on raising your score to reach your goals, check out my article that lists 15 quick tips for improving your SAT score. Worried about the discrepancy between your high GPA and low SAT score? Find out how to deal with this dilemma. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.7c90a984-6459-4973-ad5a-6f68a0bb0ec3'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

The significant of 'GUANXI' towards contractors to endure in the Essay

The significant of 'GUANXI' towards contractors to endure in the construction industry - Essay Example There is one slight problem, however, which concerns business ethics and sense of fair play. When you work your way into the good graces of a client by establishing the personal connections of guanxi, you effectively shut out of this loop other contractors who are not into the practice, which is neither fair nor just. In addition, guanxi is often established by extending favors or giving gifts, which takes on the appearance of bribery and corruption. All the above postulates - the increasing interest of Western management scholars, the distinct significance of guanxi in the multi-faceted construction industry, the thin line that separates it from bribery and corruption - make guanxi an interesting study area for anyone seeking new management tools that could provide control and efficiency in an otherwise intractable industry. This is what Project Management in Construction is all about. Personal connections in guanxi are looked upon as a necessary condition for doing business successfully in China. The actors in the guanxi relationship may purposefully create or accidentally discover the affinity as they look for shared experiences to establish a common social identity. This then sets the stage for the guanxi interactions, which may be expressive or instrumental. Expressive interactions refer to socially oriented activities, while instrumental activities are pragmatic transactions and exchanges related to work and business. After the two persons become familiar through common bases, they proceed to engage in a wide variety of transactional activities to move from an outer to an inner circle. (3) 3. Relevance to the Course Guanxi has attracted the attention of Western management scholars who saw its rich potential as a business formula for success not only in China but elsewhere. This interest is evidenced by the frequent and copious mention of guanxi in popular and academic literature that no longer requires literal translations. There is a strong possibility that such fascination with the Chinese principle prompted the

Electronic Recruiting System Description Assignment

Electronic Recruiting System Description - Assignment Example EmployDIVERSITY, Inc. offer employers the job posting prices for members and non-members. A single job posting which will go online for 30 days is charged with $75.00. The company, however, offers more affordable packages for five or 10 or more job postings which charge recruiters $60.00 and $50.00 respectively for a one-month posting service (â€Å"Job Posting Rates,† n.d.). Basic and Plus membership plans, moreover, are offered for $199.00 and $499.00 per quarter accordingly with services like free 10 to unlimited jobs postings in the duration of four months as well as unlimited resume bank access, unlimited resume search agents, free corporate profile and a link to a corporate web site with specified user access for each (â€Å"Job Posting Rates,† n.d.). The site of JobMonkey, Inc., on the other hand, turns out to be more affordable for employers as it costs $5.00 less than the first company’s price and for a duration twice longer as the first while four and six-month-period single job postings are given for $117.00 and $156.00 respectively (â€Å"Post a Job,† n.d.). Additionally and on the contrary to the first, JobMonkey, Inc. offer non-standardized packages that are designed specifically to suit the individual company’s needs. Setting up of a company profile, banner advertising, and access to job seeker database services are also offered and for specified fees. Featured employer listing service which will be posted on their Featured Employer section which will be charged with a $300, $500, and $700-rate for a three, six and 12-month service period is also considerably advertised as the feature is seen to increase job seeker visits to the company’s employment webpage and thus, faster recruitment process (â€Å"Post a Job,† n.d.).

Drink Up - Drunk Driving Should Be Legalized :: Argument, DUI, Alcohol

Drink Up - Drunk Driving Should be Legalized   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drunk driving should be legalized in the United States to help improve our standard of living. The legalization of driving while intoxicated would severely reduce the numbers of crimes that are committed on the roads. The number of illegal actions occurring on the roads would be reduced by the number of people that used to break the law by driving while drunk. Allowing people to drive drunk would also reduce the number of accidents occurring on the road systems. For example, only twenty percent of all auto accidents involve a person who has been drinking, where as almost all accidents involve someone who has not been drinking. Removing the restrictions against drinking would remove most of the eighty percent of the accidents that do not involve alcohol. Also, the accidents that would still be occurring would not have as many injuries. Out of the accidents that involve alcohol the person who has been drinking is usually the one who survives the accident, often with out a scratch. Allowing people who have been drinking to drive would also improve the quality of life for those who choose not to drink. Currently people who have been drinking are legally required to use some form of transportation other than them operating a motor vehicle. This requires them to hang around where they are and get a ride with someone else or wait or some public transportation. With the legalization of driving while drunk the non-drinking population would not need to be bothered by drunk people that do not have rides. Finally, this would help stimulate the economy which may be in dire trouble. For example, with the removal of restrictions on alcohol, many more alcoholic beverages would be sold because a Drink Up - Drunk Driving Should Be Legalized :: Argument, DUI, Alcohol Drink Up - Drunk Driving Should be Legalized   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drunk driving should be legalized in the United States to help improve our standard of living. The legalization of driving while intoxicated would severely reduce the numbers of crimes that are committed on the roads. The number of illegal actions occurring on the roads would be reduced by the number of people that used to break the law by driving while drunk. Allowing people to drive drunk would also reduce the number of accidents occurring on the road systems. For example, only twenty percent of all auto accidents involve a person who has been drinking, where as almost all accidents involve someone who has not been drinking. Removing the restrictions against drinking would remove most of the eighty percent of the accidents that do not involve alcohol. Also, the accidents that would still be occurring would not have as many injuries. Out of the accidents that involve alcohol the person who has been drinking is usually the one who survives the accident, often with out a scratch. Allowing people who have been drinking to drive would also improve the quality of life for those who choose not to drink. Currently people who have been drinking are legally required to use some form of transportation other than them operating a motor vehicle. This requires them to hang around where they are and get a ride with someone else or wait or some public transportation. With the legalization of driving while drunk the non-drinking population would not need to be bothered by drunk people that do not have rides. Finally, this would help stimulate the economy which may be in dire trouble. For example, with the removal of restrictions on alcohol, many more alcoholic beverages would be sold because a

Economic Analysis Of An Oligopoly Market Structure

NEW YORK – Feeling bad about the economy? Indulge a little, have a soda. Marketers at Coca-Cola Co. and PepsiCo Inc. are counting on that sentiment to appeal to consumers overwhelmed with a drumbeat of bad economic news. â€Å"What people want to do is pause and refresh,† said Coca-Cola chief marketing officer Joe Tripodi. Pepsi, the world's second-largest soft drink maker, launched a new marketing campaign at the beginning of the year, while No. 1 Coke launched its campaign three weeks later.Soda makers, who have seen their highest-profile products lose ground to energy drinks and pricey bottled water in recent years, are turning away from the lifestyle marketing that has dominated the soda wars. Now, they hope to draw customers back to the old favorites with a simple lure: they're cheaper — or at least a better value. Coke's campaign includes 16-ounce plastic bottles of Coke, Coke Zero, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta for 99 cents. The new size could draw people lo oking for a bargain, in that a 20-ounce bottle costs $1. 25 to $1. 50.An ad campaign called â€Å"Open Happiness† and tied to the â€Å"Coke Side of Life† ads launched on â€Å"American Idol† last week. One spot features two students sitting across from each other in a library and flirting by drawing competing images of Coke bottles and on their arms. â€Å"A lot of people have left the category,† Beverage Digest editor John Sicher said last week. â€Å"Also, a lot of young people have not entered the category, so these ads may help Coke both recruit new young consumers and re-recruit some lapsed ones. † Coke plans to run three ads during Sunday's broadcast of the Super Bowl football championship on NBC.PepsiCo spokeswoman Nicole Bradley said PepsiCo would air five to six minutes of commercials for bottled drinks during the Super Bowl, making it the biggest advertiser for the game. The ads will feature Pepsi, Gatorade, PepsiMax and SoBe Life Water. With the launch of its new logo, the company also has increased its number of drink ads on billboards and in other public places such as subway stations, bus stops and on tops of taxis. In recent years, as U. S. soda sales fell steadily — including 2. 5 percent in the third quarter last year at PepsiCo,  while Coke doesn't break out soft drink performance — the two turned to other bottled drinks for growth. PepsiCo refocused its drinks portfolio around bottled Lipton teas and Starbucks coffees, its Aquafina bottled water, Izze sparkling juice drinks and others.Coke made the biggest drinks acquisition in industry history in June 2007 when it bought Glaceau's VitaminWater for $4. 1 billion. Though its products contain plenty of sugar, the brand had attracted health-conscious consumers with drink names such as Power-C, Defense, Endurance, Rescue and Multi-V.But CEO Muhtar Kent said last fall that soft drinks are the â€Å"oxygen of our industry. † The chief exec utives of both soda makers indicated they were refocusing on soft drinks last fall as consumers felt the weight of a recession but it had not yet been officially declared. PepsiCo's push is â€Å"complementary† with the trend of shoppers trading down, the company's North American beverages chief Massimo D'Amore said Tuesday. He declined to say the company was appealing to consumers' pocketbooks. â€Å"We will not communicate on price,† he said in an interview. â€Å"Value to consumers is much broader than price.It's not the primary focus of our marketing. â€Å"D'Amore told reporters gathered Tuesday to hear details of the company's Super Bowl plans that Pepsi's drink portfolio is the â€Å"exact ammunition† it needs to win in the current climate. Chief Executive Indra Nooyi has said the company — which also owns the Frito-Lay, Tropicana, Gatorade and Quaker brands — aims to slow the decline of U. S. soda sales. Both companies are grappling with how to hold on to consumers that have grown wary of the high-fructose corn syrup that is used in a wide variety of bottled drinks, from soft drinks to bottled teas and energy drinks.David Schardt, senior nutritionist at the nonprofit Center for Science in the Public Interest, said â€Å"the companies' latest campaigns are not going to improve public health if sales of sugar-based sodas do rebound†. â€Å"We already drink too many of our calories† he said. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AN OLIGOPOLY MARKET STRUCTURE 1. INTRODUCTION 1a. ARTICLE SUMMARY Not many corporations can boast of a 100 Year rivalry. The beverages industry witnessed such intense competition between Coca-Cola and PepsiCo.One can say that the competition between the corporations was and still is  so intense that it could be likened to sibling rivalry. The product offerings of both companies are so similar, if Pepsi were to offer a new product it wouldn’t be surprising to see Coca-Cola follow suit. Pep si has always taken the lead in developing new products, but Coke soon learned their lesson and started to do the same. The companies not only compete in soft drinks, but also have branched out to other beverages including coffee, juice drinks and even water. As the companies lose their market share in energy drinks and pricy bottled water in recent years; now they refocus on soda pop to draw customers back.PepsiCo is innovative with launching a marketing campaign of new logos while Coke’s campaign is price strategy with a range of cheaper products. The fact is each company is coming up with new products and ideas in order to increase their market share. The creativity and effectiveness of each company's marketing strategy will ultimately determine the winner with respect to sales, profits, and customer loyalty. 1b. JUSTIFICATION OF THE TOPIC Pepsi and coke control over 75. 3% of market (as shown in the figure 1).These two companies have significant control over the direction of the market in terms of price, quality and taste. This clearly indicates that the industry has a duopolistic structure. It is not easy to enter into the market as it needs a large investment and can expect the big players to crush into the competition. The presence of barriers to entry protects the present players from competition from new firms. The companies compete on product differentiation either through product itself or through heavy advertising to reduce the elastic of demand for their product.Clearly the industry is oligopolistic with the market shared between these two firms, and the oligopoly characteristics of high concentration ratio, fewness, high barriers entry, product differentiation and mutual interdependence apply. Figure 1 Source: Beverage Marketing Corporation, New York. Retrieved from www. beverageworld. com > â€Å"data and statistics† on 4/10/2008 2. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS A firm under oligopoly faces a kinked demand curve (see figure 2). The point of th e kink is the point of the established market price.The kink of the demand curve suggests that a competitor would react asymmetrically to price increases and price decreases by the firm. Suppose the price is established at $1. 99 for a six-pack of either Pepsi or Coke. Let's consider the demand curve for Pepsi. If Pepsi increases its price to $2. 49 per six-pack, it will lose some of its market to Coke along the AB component of the demand curve. Pepsi will be able to sell 500 six-packs a day instead of the original sales level of 1000.Coke is likely to stay at $1.99 and enjoy the additional sale, as some people who were originally buying Pepsi will be switching to Coke. If Pepsi lowers its price to $1. 49 to gain an advantage over Coke and increase it sales to 1500 six-packs, it may not succeed. The increase in sales by Pepsi to 1500 can only happen if Coke did not react to Pepsi's price cut. However, Coke is likely to match the price reduction by Pepsi to protect itself against los s of market share. As the result of price cuts by both Pepsi and Coke, there will be an increase in sales by both — at least partially at the expense of smaller competitors.The sales of Pepsi increase to 1300 six-packs per day from the original 1000. This is along the BC segment of the demand curve. Therefore, there are two demand curves facing Pepsi—AB relatively elastic for price increases and no reaction by Coke, and BC relatively inelastic for price decreases and price matching reaction by Coke. This explains the kinked demand curve for Pepsi and similarly for Coke. Notice that the kink in the demand curve is at the established market price. It is also important to realize that the established price tends to be maintained.Neither Pepsi nor Coke will be inclined to raise their price since it would cause loss of sales and market share to the rival. Also neither of them is particularly interested in lowering the price and starting a price war since the outcome is loss of profit for both in favor of consumers. The profit maximization level of output can be determined by adding to the demand-MR model the cost curves for a firm under oligopoly. The profit maximizing level of output is 1000 six-packs of Pepsi, where MC = MR. Pepsi can sell this quantity at $1. 99 according to the demand curve.The average total cost of production at 1000 level of output is $0. 99 per six-pack. Therefore the company is making $1000 a day of economic (or excess) profit as illustrated in Figure 3. An interesting observation is that the profit maximization of oligopolies, generally, occurs at the kink of the demand curve, which in-turn represents the established market price and market shares of the oligopolies. Another observation is that moderate changes in the cost conditions of oligopolies do not cause a change in their profit maximization quantity and price as long as they are in the vertical range of the MR curve.This implies that technological improvements that lo wer the cost of production or change in the price of inputs encountered by an oligopoly would not lead to a quantity or price change. We therefore suggest that under an oligopoly market prices are rigid. Firms especially avoid lowering their price from fear of igniting a price war. Instead oligopolies resort to non-price competition such as advertising. Price wars can and occasionally do occur when one of the dominant firms in the oligopoly market experiences a significant decrease in its production cost and attempt to increase its market share.Coke and Pepsi know that they are spending millions of dollars on advertising just to counter each other’s ads. Advertising game will provide us with a modeling framework within which to show the choice that the managers of oligopolistic firms face. ( see figure 4) Although it would increase both firms’ payoffs if both play â€Å"Less Advertising†, this cannot be easily achieved. According to the above payoff matrix, play ing â€Å"Intensive Advertising† yields a higher payoff for Coke no matter what Pepsi does. In other words, â€Å"Intensive Advertising† is Coke’s dominant strategy.Similarly, â€Å"Intensive Advertising† is also Pepsi’s dominant strategy. Given that there is no guarantee the other player plays â€Å"Less Advertising†, each player will play â€Å"Intensive Advertising†, which is the unique Nash equilibrium of this game. 3. CONCLUSION Sales of carbonated soft drinks have been declining in US for several years, as consumers turn to a growing number of new beverages like enhanced waters, sports drinks and energy drinks. But the problems have accelerated in a volatile economy, with consumers eating at restaurants less and buying fewer grab-and-go beverages.In addition, consumers are increasingly choosing tap water over other beverages at restaurants and at home to help save money and the environment. Both companies have also relied on fin ding new markets, especially in foreign countries. Although the goal of both companies are exactly the same, the two companies rely on somewhat different marketing strategies. The companies must be willing to accommodate their â€Å"target markets†. They have to always be creating and updating their marketing plans and products. Gaining market share occurs when a company stays one-step ahead of the competition by knowing what the consumer wants.

Macroeconomic terms - 4408 Words

Macroeconomic Terms Describe the following terms in your words. Term Definition Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The value of all of the goods and services of a nation in a year. Real GDP The value of all of the goods and services based on inflation of a nation in a year. Nominal GDP Market value of all goods and services of a nation in a year, not based on inflation. Unemployment rate The number of all of the unemployed by the number of people in the workforce. Inflation rate The rate that the prices of goods and services are rising. Fiscal Policy The governmental policies which adjust spending. Monetary Policy The governmental policies that help to control the economy. This is done by adjusting the†¦show more content†¦Ã®  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ The aggregate demand curve slopes downward because of the Real-balance, interest rate and open economy effects î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ According to the real-balance effect, an increase in the price level Reduces an individual s expenditures due to a decrease in the real value of cash balances î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ According to the interest rate effect, an increase in the price level Increases î â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ The relationship between the MPC and the MPS indicates that the entire increase in household disposable income is distributed between consumption and saving. î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ Planned real investment is determined by the rate of interest î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ What won t cause the planned investment function to shift rightward? A decrease in the interest rate î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ An increase in the interest rate causes a decrease in the amount of real planned investment î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ In the Keynesian model equilibrium national income equals planned consumption, investment, government, and net export expenditures î  Ã® â€šÃ®â‚¬â€™ If real GDP falls below total planned expenditures the economy willShow MoreRelatedMacroeconomics Term Paper : Keynesian Economics999 Words   |  4 PagesMacroeconomics Term Paper: Keynesian Economics John Maynard Keynes: A famous economist John Maynard Keynes once said â€Å"by a continuing process of inflation, government can confiscate, secretly and unobserved, an important part of the wealth of their citizen† (Brainy, n.d., p.1). Keynes had studied in an economics and finance program, and he searched for a solution as he felt that a depression in our economy may be rising. The solution that Keynes discovered was completely different than any otherRead MoreFerguson Enterprise: Macroeconomics Term Paper1379 Words   |  5 PagesFerguson Enterprise. Macroeconomics Term Paper. History: Charles Ferguson, Ralph Lenz, and Johnny Smither founded Ferguson Enterprise Inc., in 1953. The company started with $165,000 in capital, with only two locations, Colmar Manor, Md., and Birmingham, Alabama. During the next five decades, Ferguson saw big growth in revenue and continue to grow rapidly, doubling its size every five years. In 1982, Wolseley plc, which is listed on the London Stock Exchange located in the United Kingdom, boughtRead MoreMacroeconomic Affect On Uk From Long Term And Short Term Sides1590 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing consistently. Obviously, British economy will be changed; whether it is long-term or short-term, and there must also exit some advantages and drawbacks back this time of leave European. This essay will analyse macroeconomic affect on the UK from long-term and short-term two sides, that organized by different varieties of situations and elements, including: Britain GDP, short –term economic growth, long-term economic growth, the influenc e of Britain trade deals (import and export), currencyRead MorePolicy Review And The Lucas Criticisms Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesshort term. In the long term, it merely impacts the changes of general price levels, instead of on the changes of total economy. Therefore, in the issues of controlling inflation, monetary economy cycle theory believes that the governments do not need to have to spend too many costs in the relative output and employment to control the inflation, only if the public trust that the monetary authorities will implement their monetary tightening policies. In addition, new classical macroeconomics furtherRead MoreNew Classical Macroeconomics And Macroeconomics Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesclassical Macroeconomics is an important school of macroeconomics development since 1970s. New Classical Macroeconomics is originally evolved from the school of Rational Expectations and monetarism. New classical Macroeconomics is also referred to the Macroeconomics of th e rational expectations, or equilibrium method for Macroeconomics. New classical Macroeconomics abides by traditions of the classical economics and believes in the effectiveness of market forces. New classical Macroeconomics tries toRead MoreFinance Is Based On Economics841 Words   |  4 Pagesneeds by humans. Macroeconomics started with John Maynard Keynes, an English economist, who published a book entitled General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money in 1936. Keynes offered a clarification for the fallout from the Great Depression, when goods remained unsold and workers unemployed, a feat that left classical economists stumped. Keynes theory explained why markets may not clear. This theory evolved throughout the 20th century, diverting into several macroeconomic schools of thoughtRead MoreU.S. Federal Government and Economic Issues Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper relates to what I have learned in the Macroeconomics class. For this final term paper; I will write about the U.S. federal government operations and how government leaders handle macroeconomic issues in our economy. We will discuss a couple of current economic issues and what the federal government is doing to reach solutions. I will also address U.S. unemployment issues, international trade, fiscal and monetary policies, and methods of alternative energy, along with the Federal Reserve’sRead MoreMacroecnomics1187 Words   |  5 PagesFlows Money Sector Flows Sales Revenue Goods Suppliers (Producers) q = f (L, K, M, T, E) Transformation Expenditure Product/Service Consumption Budget Goods Demanders (Consumers) U = f (q1, q2, †¦) Transformation Goods Markets Macroeconomics U1: Blanchard Chs. 1~2, 27 1. Overview of the Modern Macroeconomy 1.1 Essential Structure (2) Atemporal Transaction in Goods or Factor Markets Supplier/Seller ïÆ'› Receive Goods or Factors Money Payments Demander/Buyer ïÆ'› Pay IntertemporalRead MoreMacroeconomic Variables Of The Stock Market974 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary The belief of macroeconomic variables influencing the stock market has been a highly debated discussion for the past decades. There has been no clear conclusion whether or not macroeconomic variables impact the stock market or inversely. The importance of this study have been increasingly critical as not only stock agents find the critical importance but the government to implement macroeconomic policy; the solid finding of this relation will enable policy makers to efficientlyRead MoreMacroeconomics And Macroeconomics Of Macroeconomics1445 Words   |  6 PagesMacroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning large and economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. This includes national, regional, and global economies.[1][2] With microeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields ineconomics. Macroeconomists study aggregated indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, National income, price indices, and the interrelations

Comparasion Essay Abraham Lincoln vs Martin Luther King

Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr. Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King both influenced history at different time for very similar beliefs. They bought fought for civil rights of African Americans who did not always have the rights they have now. They were once slaves and owned by white people .As slaves they were required to do what they were told. A slave had no rights and was treated like a nobody. They were often beaten physically and mentally. Lincoln fought for the freedom of slaves and even went to war for this belief. Once the African Americans were now free from slavery they were not always treated as equals. They were once treated as outcasts and did not begin with white people. Times have changed due to the efforts†¦show more content†¦They were not allowed to be in the front at all. The bus drivers would make them all move to the back. This was also the law at the time. Any black in the font would be arrested an taken to jail. They boycott was when Afr ican Americans stopped taking the bus. This was hurtful to the transit because they were the majority of people who rode the bus. This cause them t hurt financially. The boycott started in 1955 and by 1956, where no ne the busses in alamba and Montgomery were no longer segregated. . King was treated unfairly at times. People would protest at his protest and sometimes be violent , but that did not stop kings fight. Many people believed in kings beliefs and followed him in his marches and protests. Many people were arrested along with king in this fight. The fight was not in vain. Segregation ended in 1967 a battle won for civil rights. . Thy are both known for being great speakers and giving great speeches. Lincolns Gettysburg address is still remembered today. It is one of the most famous speeches in histoy.The Gettysburg address was given after the civil war. He referred back to the revolutionary war when he said four scores and seven years ago. This speech was given at the dedic ation at the soldiers national cemetery in Gettysburg. That is where a lot of soldiers lost their lives and they dedicated it for their final resting place. That is where he read this speech as a memorial for the soldiers. In this speech he talked about equality and

Film Studies Lesson 6 Mcelroy Rough Essay - 961 Words

How do the respective narrative forms of Double Indemnity and Magnolia construct their characters and provide different critical perspectives on social values? Discuss in your essay some of the various narration types and the formal narrative construction of the films characters. However, do not simply provide a list or catalogue of the narrative differences between the two films. A critical and necessary part of the assignment is for you to argue how the narrative construction in each film provides critical perspectives on social values. Paragraphs- character development, narration style, Random- frogs falling from the sky Story- plot- narration are the dimensions of film narration plot describes everything that is presented in the†¦show more content†¦The lack of narration and the jumping from story to story makes the story line pretty difficult to follow. Different characters being introduced and lack of character development makes this movie quite the puzzle. This differs from the character development in Double Indemnity. Narration in Double Indemnity develops the main character as he goes from being in love with Mrs. Phyllis Dietrichson so falling for the younger and more innocent Ms. Lola Dietrichson. The narration and continuous build up of this series of romances, up to the point where Mr. Neff saves Nino from prosecution so that Lola will be happy develops the character of Walter Neff from an unattached insurance salesman to a caring partner in crime. Listening to its not going to stop as if each character could hear the music radiating from Claudia’s living room radio. Character development – each character is at similar points of development throughout the story and has peaks and lows at the same time point in the movie- overcoming personal obstacles. In magnolia, narrator knows that he is a narrator- he narrates from an objective point of view-Show MoreRelatedBrand Case Studies.Docx23428 Words   |  94 Pages1931 when Neil H. McElroy (McElroy), Pamp;G s Promotion Department Manager, formed a marketing division based on competing brands, controlled by a group of employees. The system enabled Pamp;G to design and customize its marketing strategies for each brand... ------------------------------------------------- The Category Management ModelUnder the CMM, the brand managers did not compete against each other with similar product brands -contrary to the idea envisioned by McElroy. For instance, inRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesindexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision MakingRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesStudents achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  »

Babel Essy Free Essays

Pain of Loss Imagine yourself without the ability to hear anything, how would your life be compared to how it is now? The deaf are incredible people because they lack the capability of hearing and that can alter the way of communication if they also cannot speak. Even with all these disabilities, they find other ways to communicate using symbols and handwriting. Babel is an award winning movie that displays diversity. We will write a custom essay sample on Babel Essy or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have scenes from Morocco, Japan, Mexico and the United States. Chieko Wataya is one of the main characters in that movie. She is a deaf Japanese girl who has been issing her sense of hearing since she was a child. In Babel, Chieko shows feelings of helplessness, being inadequate and experiences the loss of control throughout the movie. First off, Chieko is missing her sense of hearing which can lead to her feeling helpless. She experiences something horrifying that no one should, by her finding her mother’s dead body with a bullet straight to her cranium. Having that said, she is left with her with her who is always busy. She feels as if her dad does not pay much attention to her even though he is trying his best. An inattentive father can cause feelings of neglect and psychological issues in the future if she is left isolated. With her given situation, she becomes a helpless emotional person. It seems as though her disability to speak and hear has driven her life off the edge sanity. Since Chieko is not an average girl, love is hard to find to her. With her dad always working and not giving her enough attention, she seeks attention somewhere else, which is from her friends and men she does not even know. The inability to speak and hear is majorly ffecting her life and it makes her feel nothing other than helpless. Chieko’s hard life can also make her feel in adequate. While trying to have fun and meeting boys, her friend and her go out to a club called â€Å"I-pop. † During her time there, she is very flirtatious to boys she finds attracting and they give her smiles as a reactions, as if approve of her. Eventually a boy comes and notices her while she plays an arcade game. Girls do not usually play video games, so she could have done this as a call for attention. It took Chieko a while to notice him because she is deaf. The boy is probably wondering if she can even hear him. When she finally notices him, the boy said hi to her. The only probable is that he did not know that Chieko was deaf and incapable of speaking. When he realizes this about her, he Just walks away from her uninterested. As he is walking away from her, she did not seem surprised as if she was used to those kinds of actions. Her self-esteem must be low due to the fact that she cannot speak or hear. She results in a desperate move to get other guys attention by taking off her underwear and show her private part to other boys. She is willing to do this because she thinks she cannot find love any other way. She thinks so low of herself that she offers herself as an item to men and nothing else. These impairments of her senses make her feel that she is not good enough for anybody. Chieko’s lack of senses and the events happening in her life has caused her to experience a loss of control. After witnessing her friend kiss the boy she admires, she feels like she is betrayed. It seemed as though the world around her was falling apart because sne stands stil I in a club while people around ner were dancing This is one of the mains causes to lose her self-control. After she witnesses her friend betray her, Chieko decides to call detective Kenji Mamiya as an act of the loss of self-control. She started telling him a sympathetic story about how her mother died. Chieko lies about her mother’s death saying that she Jumped off the thirty story balcony, but in reality, she had shot herself in the head. That lie is said was possibly the action she was going to do herself as an act of suicide. She mentions this as an attempt to make the detective sorry for her. As the detective is leaving, she tells him to wait and she goes to another room. When she came back, the detective has a shocked looked on his face to see her being fully naked. Chieko tries to seduce the detective as a final attempt to make herself feel happy, but Mr. Mamiya rejects her knowing that she is too young. She eventually realizes her actionsto him and apologizes for it. The loss of control with her emotions has caused her to do these extreme actions only because of the hard life she is living. In the end, feeling helplessness and inadequate has caused Chieko to lose control f herself. As she realizes this, her dad comes home to see her at the balcony. She could have thought of Jumping off to make all her pain go away. She cries and hugs him because she knows she is not truly alone, she has her dad by her side. The absence of her senses has makes her life rough. Speech is not the only way of communication, so Chieko should realize that her life could have been worse. She could have been blind and is not able to see anything. Being deaf may be a hard disability in life, but people can work their way around it. How to cite Babel Essy, Papers

Public Health for Illness and Injury - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePublic Health for Illness and Injury. Answer: Public Health aims at preventing disease, illness, injury as well as promoting the standards of life of human populations. Its actions focus on providing conditions in which individuals can be in good health and pays attention to all members of the community. One of the fundamental characteristics of public health is disease prevention which entails interfering with the chain of causation which comprises of an agent, host and the environment. Environment refers to the extrinsic factors that affect the agent; host refers to a person who is capable of obtaining a disease and agent refers to a disease-causing organism. Interventions that can be used to break the chain of infection include using clean and safe drinking water and immunization (Flemings Parker, 2015). Health promotion through active community participation to influence the leading causes of poor health to improve the quality of life of people. Successfully addressing the multiple determinants of health is key to improving public health. The non-fulfillment of the health care system to advance and provide production strategies to control preventable diseases considerately affects health and the economy. Health improvement by reducing health inequalities and collaborating with other institutions. Ensuring fairness in health is not an easy task since some people prioritize other issues such as proper housing and food while ignoring health which is significant (Flemings and Parker, 2015). Dealing with health issues across populations is vital as it asserts the concept of equity and social justice which are fundamental to public health activity The characteristics of public health are not different from what I have studied in my undergraduate degree. The particular skills that I have acquired in Nursing include advocating for the health and well-being of a patient, undertaking diagnostic tests, educating patients on how to control illnesses, offering guidance, handling medical equipment, documenting medical history and symptoms and delivering medications and treatments. To develop in public health, I need to learn about food safety, environmental management, disease surveillance, infection control, health promotion and health protection which are essential areas. I would like to study on how to ensure the safety of food along the entire food chain and the procedures that are undertaken to detect and respond to public health threats associated with contaminated food. Am interested in training on estimating, recognizing, describing and reducing the harm caused by an outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic. I wish to know about proper disposal and management of waste to guard the human surroundings and their health. Improving the health status of a population through the support of appropriate public health interventions is vital for survival. Learning about infection control will help me initiate and maintain production systems for the prevention and control of infections. Studying about health promotion will help me deduce the health needs of a community and the appropriate evidence-based interventions that can be used to address the wants. Acquiring knowledge of health protection will enable me ensure that the members of the public are always safe from infectious agents and other health risks. References Blas, E. and Kurup, A.S. eds., 2010.Equity, social determinants and public health programmes. World Health Organization. Fleming, M.L, and Parker, E., 2015.Introduction to Public Health eBook. Elsevier Health Sciences. Larkin, M.A. and McGowan, A.K., 2008. Introduction: strengthening public health.Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics,36(3), pp.S4-S4. US Department of Health and Human Services, 1990. Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention ObjectivesNutrition Priority Area.Nutrition Today,25(6), pp.29-39.

A Simple Marketing Task Approval Process to Be More Productive

A Simple Marketing Task Approval Process to Be More Productive Imagine this. Everyone on your team knows exactly what to work on. They knock out high-quality work. The best part? They hit every deadline while they’re at it. And the manager’s role? Leading a simple, two-stage marketing task approval process. Stage one:  you assign a task. Stage two:  you approve the task. Boom. Celebration time. Marketing workflow processes  that actually work are potent productivity boosters. But nestled within every project are tasks that need to be done on time and up to standard. Layering complicated task workflows into your marketing project management process  doesn’t help. Enter today’s post. You’re about to learn a simple, two-stage marketing task approval process that will make you and your team more productive than ever. This process will help marketing managers: Ensure quality standards are always met. Enjoy a nearly-frictionless project management process. Become even better leaders by empowering their team. And it will help marketing team members: Have total clarity on what’s expected of them. Dodge the dreaded feedback void by understanding exactly where their work stands. See a coherent roadmap of what to work on right now in relation to their entire workload. No matter what your role is, this marketing task approval process will cut the clutter and help you do your best, most efficient work to date. but if you’d rather skip the reading and jump straight into getting things done Put Your Marketing Task Approvals On Auto-Pilot With In marketing, there’s an endless swamp of details. There are hidden snags just below the surface that can trip up even the best teams. In turn, this makes running a marketing team at full-speed a challenge. And a frustrating one at that. That’s why we built simple, yet sophisticated, task workflows  to supercharge your output. Recommended Reading: This is How You Supercharge Your Teams Workflows Here’s what your marketing life will look like when powered by task workflows: Avoid static and jump straight into the action  with an ultra-organized task dashboard. Easily assign + schedule tasks with a single click  without drop downs or an endless string of clicks. Benefit from detail-rich tasks  so your team has the context to get the job done right. Prioritize tasks as you see fit  based on overall workload. Rock a seamless combination  of both your personal and team task lists. Enjoy Task Approvals (available on Team Pro plans and higher) as an integrated part of every workflow! This means you can: assign others to review tasks, make decisions faster, and keep track of it all directly in †¦ Say â€Å"sayonara† to endless email threads, constant reminders, and needless interruptions. Schedule a demo  for your team today or snag a free trial  to test drive it in the wild. Master Your Marketing Task Approval Process With Our Free Excel Marketing Checklist Template Up ahead, you’ll get a step-by-step process to master your marketing task approvals. We created the following kit of resources: Marketing checklist template  so your team can march through every task with minimal friction. Marketing team active list  so you can gauge team member workloads at a glance. Marketing project management template Word document  to help supplement your big-picture marketing efforts. Sprint backlog Excel spreadsheet  to plan and manage the scope and timelines of your projects. Snag these docs and follow along as you read today’s post to put everything into action. Alright, let’s rock.

What Fail to Reject Means in a Hypothesis Test

What 'Fail to Reject' Means in a Hypothesis Test In statistics, scientists can perform a number of different significance tests to determine if there is a relationship between two phenomena. One of the first they usually perform is a null hypothesis test. In short, the null hypothesis states that there is no meaningful relationship between two measured phenomena. After a performing a test, scientists can: Reject the null hypothesis (meaning there is a definite, consequential relationship between the two phenomena), or Fail to reject the null hypothesis (meaning the test has not identified a consequential relationship between the two phenomena) Key Takeaways: The Null Hypothesis In a test of significance, the null hypothesis states that there is no meaningful relationship between two measured phenomena. By comparing the null hypothesis to an alternative hypothesis, scientists can either reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis cannot be positively proven. Rather, all that scientists can determine from a test of significance is that the evidence collected does or does not disprove the null hypothesis. It is important to note that a failure to reject does not mean that the null hypothesis is true- only that the test did not prove it to be false. In some cases, depending on the experiment, a relationship may exist between two phenomena that is not identified by the experiment. In such cases, new experiments must be designed to rule out alternative hypotheses. Null vs. Alternative Hypothesis The null hypothesis is considered the default in a scientific experiment. In contrast, an alternative hypothesis is one that claims that there is a meaningful relationship between two phenomena. These two competing hypotheses can be compared by performing a statistical hypothesis test, which determines whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the data. For example, scientists studying the water quality of a stream may wish to determine whether a certain chemical affects the acidity of the water. The null hypothesis- that the chemical has no effect on the water quality- can be tested by measuring the pH level of two water samples, one of which contains some of the chemical and one of which has been left untouched. If the sample with the added chemical is measurably more or less acidic- as determined through statistical analysis- it is a reason to reject the null hypothesis. If the samples acidity is unchanged, it is a reason to not reject the null hypothesis. When scientists design experiments, they attempt to find evidence for the alternative hypothesis. They do not try to prove that the null hypothesis is true. The null hypothesis is assumed to be an accurate statement until contrary evidence proves otherwise. As a result, a test of significance does not produce any evidence pertaining to the truth of the null hypothesis. Failing to Reject vs. Accept In an experiment, the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis should be carefully formulated such that one and only one of these statements is true. If the collected data supports the alternative hypothesis, then the null hypothesis can be rejected as false. However, if the data does not support the alternative hypothesis, this does not mean that the null hypothesis is true. All it means is that the null hypothesis has not been disproven- hence the term failure to reject. A failure to reject a hypothesis should not be confused with acceptance. In mathematics, negations are typically formed by simply placing the word â€Å"not† in the correct place. Using this convention, tests of significance allow scientists to either reject or not reject the null hypothesis. It sometimes takes a moment to realize that â€Å"not rejecting† is not the same as accepting. Null Hypothesis Example In many ways, the philosophy behind a test of significance is similar to that of a trial. At the beginning of the proceedings, when the defendant enters a plea of â€Å"not guilty,† it is analogous to the statement of the null hypothesis. While the defendant may indeed be innocent, there is no plea of â€Å"innocent† to be formally made in court. The alternative hypothesis of â€Å"guilty† is what the prosecutor attempts to demonstrate. The presumption at the outset of the trial is that the defendant is innocent. In theory, there is no need for the defendant to prove that he or she is innocent. The burden of proof is on the prosecuting attorney, who must marshal enough evidence to convince the jury that the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Likewise, in a test of significance, a scientist can only reject the null hypothesis by providing evidence for the alternative hypothesis. If there is not enough evidence in a trial to demonstrate guilt, then the defendant is declared â€Å"not guilty.† This claim has nothing to do with innocence; it merely reflects the fact that the prosecution failed to provide enough evidence of guilt. In a similar way, a failure to reject the null hypothesis in a significance test does not mean that the null hypothesis is true. It only means that the scientist was unable to provide enough evidence for the alternative hypothesis. For example, scientists testing the effects of a certain pesticide on crop yields might design an experiment in which some crops are left untreated and others are treated with varying amounts of pesticide. Any result in which the crop yields varied based on pesticide exposure- assuming all other variables are equal- would provide strong evidence for the alternative hypothesis (that the pesticide does affect crop yields). As a result, the scientists would have reason to reject the null hypothesis.